Invasiveness of black-fungal (Mucormycosis) disease among patients suffering from COVID-19: Review

Posted on by Muthanna Medical Journal

Research article

Volume 11, Issue 1,  2024.  Page 44-53    10.52113/1/1/2024-1-53

Authors
Zainab Sahib Abuhanen Quraish    

*Correspondence author: zenabquraish999b@gmail.com
*College of Medicine, Al Muthanna University, Samawa, Iraq.
Received 02 November 2023; revised 02 March 2024; accepted 11 April 2024, available online 21 May 2024.
Copyright © 2024 Alkubaisi. This is article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Abstract

A collection of moldy filamentous belonging to the orders Zygomycetes additionally Mucorales produce the infection known as mucormycosis. A frequent name for mucormycosis is "black fungus disease." This infection primarily affects diabetics and people with impaired immune systems. Inhaling mold containing industrial oxygen increases the risk of mucormycosis while COVID-19 infection lowers patients' immunity. The main goal of this review is to supply a thorough synopsis of COVID-19, recognize the essential fungal agent, and illustrate the Invasiveness and morbid manifestation as complications of COVID-19. During 2023, a thorough literature search was conducted using keywords like "Mucormycosis", "Blackfungus," "Mucorales," and "Zygomycetes," in search engines including PubMed, Google Scholars, Research Gate, and SCOPUS. If not properly detected, the rare invasive fungal infection known as mucormycosis has a greater fatality rate. Mucorales frequently attack the endothelial cells in vascular tissue. Depending on anatomical localization, mucormycosis can be classified into six different categories; disseminated, miscellaneous, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cutaneous, and rhino-cerebral. In conclusion; In the review of available literature, we present a summary of the key variables that influence the Black-Fungus (Mucormycosis) development in novel COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: Invasiveness, Mucormycosis, Complications, Black-Fungal, COVID-19

References

  1. Tyrrell DA, Fielder M. Cold Wars: The Fight Against the Common Cold. Oxford University Press. 2020: 96.
  2. Hui DS. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health—the latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Inte J Infectious Dis. 2020; 91:264–266.
  3. Rabi FA, Al Zoubi MS, Kasasbeh GA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019: what we know so far. Pathogens. 2020; 9:231.
  4. Wang, D, Hu, B, Hu, C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama, 2020; 323(11): 1061- 1069.
  5. Ganesh B, Rajakumar T, Malathi M, et al. Epidemiology and pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in comparison with SARS, MERS: An updated overview of current knowledge and future perspectives. Clinical epidemiology and global health. 2021; 10: 100-694.
  6. Chen Y, and Guo D. Molecular mechanisms of coronavirus RNA capping and methylation. Virol Sin. 2016; 31:3‐11.
  7. Su S, Wong G, Shi W, et al. Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Trends Microbiol. 2016; 24:490-502.
  8. Drosten C., Günther S., and Preiser W. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:1967–1976.
  9. Barazarte D, Golaszewski J, Moro L, et al. Mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 patients: a first report in Venezuela. Latin American Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2022; 14;2(3):128-33.
  10. Cornelissen CN, Harvey RA, Fisher BD. Microbiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013;1:2014-2015.
  11. Riede S, Hobden, J A, Miller S, et al. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 28th ed. McGraw-Hill Education eBooks. 2019: 1-811.
  12. Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, et al. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Journal of medical virology, 2020; 92(6): 589-594.
  13. Zhou P, Yang X L, Wang X G, et al. Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin. BioRxiv. 2020.
  14. Guan W J, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. NewEngland journal of medicine, 2020; 382(18): 1708-1720.
  15. Chan J F, Yuan S, Kok K H, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The lancet, 2020; 395(10223): 514-523.
  16. Bhat I, Beg M A, and Athar F A. contemporary intimidation for COVID-19 patients coinfected with mucormycosis in India. J Bacteriol Mycol Open Access. 2021;9 (2):69-71.
  17. Zhu J, Ji, P, Pang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID‐19 patients: a meta‐ Journal of medical virology, 2020; 92(10): 1902-1914.
  18. Verity R, Okell L C, Dorigatti I, et al. Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis. The Lancet infectious diseases, 2020; 20(6): 669-677.
  19. Alom S, Ali F, Md ZK. A comprehensive review on mucormycosis (black fungus) and its association with covid-19. Curr Trends Pharm Res. 2021; 8(1):11-40.
  20. Al-Khikani FH. Mucormycosis “Black Fungus” new challenge associated with COVID 19. Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ). 2021; 1; 5 (3):267-71.
  21. Forouzesh M, Farshid S, Ghiasi N, et al. Mucormycosis (black fungus/zygomycosis) and COVID-19; Does the coexistence of these two-increase mortality? Immunopathol. Persa. 2021; 7:e0x.
  22. Osquee HO, Lotfi AR. Mortality after Covid-19-related Mucormycosis in Critically ill Patients: A Systematic Review. Eurasian Journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research. 2023;2(5):187-93.
  23. Tewari S, David J, Nakhale S, et al. Mucormycosis: Post COVID-19 Fungal Infection. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 2021; 10(1):64-71.
  24. Paul SS, Kumar R, Meena VP, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 16 cases with COVID19 and mucormycosis: experience from a tertiary care center in India and review of literature.2021:1-15:
  25. Ramaswami A, Sahu AK, Kumar A, et al. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis presenting to the Emergency Department—an observational study of 70 patients. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2021;114(7): 464-70.
  26. Van-Lieshout M, Janssen AH, Linssen CF, et al. Disseminated mucormycosis:(almost) fatal!. Netherlands Journal of Critical Care. 2017; 25(3):104-7.
  27. Prinja S, Vanak Y, Rajsekar P, Singh C. Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with a history of acute leukemia; A Narrative Review. American Journal of BioMedicine. 2024;12(2):33-42.
  28. Chander J. Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis: A Challenge during COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Gastrointestinal Infections. 2021; 11:31.
  29. Rudramurthy SM, Hoenigl M, Meis JF, et al. ECMM/ISHAM recommendations for clinical management of COVID‐19 associated mucormycosis in low‐and middle‐income countries. Mycoses. 2021; 64(9):1028-37.
  30. Bayram N, Ozsaygılı C, Sav H, et al. Susceptibility of severe COVID-19 patients to rhino-orbital mucormycosis fungal infection in different clinical manifestations. Japanese journal of ophthalmology. 2021;65(4):515-25.
  31. Kumar A, Kaur S, Kaur H. Emergence of Black Fungus and COVID-19 Pandemic. Innovative and Current Advances in Agriculture and Allied Sciences. 2021;19:88-90.

Volume 10, Issue 2, 2023

 

 

 

 

 

Volume 11, Issue 1, 2024

Downloads: 400

Quraish ZS. Invasiveness of black-fungal (Mucormycosis) disease among patients suffering from COVID-19: Review. Muthanna Medical Journal. 2024; 11(1):44-53.