Prevalence and Spectrum of Functional disability among sample of outpatient attendants to geriatric clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital

Posted on by

Research article

Volume 11, Issue 1,  2024.  Page 1-20    10.52113/1/1/2024-1-20

Authors
Ziena T. Al-Taay *, Lamyaa A. Hasan, Hasan R. Khalaf 1

*Correspondence author: zena06345@gmail.com
1 Family Medicine Branch, Department of Health in Baghdad Rusafa, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq..
Received 20 October 2023; revised 3 February 2024; accepted 11 March 2024, available online 7 March 2024.
Copyright © 2024 Al-Taay. This is article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Abstract

Functional disability represents the commonest cause of the decline in health status above 60 years old. Among the elderly population, the clinician needs to assess functional capacity to get an improvement in health status and nursing care for a better quality of life. Assesses the prevalence and spectrum of functional disability among the elderly. A total sample of 400 patients from the attended geriatric outpatient clinic at Baghdad Teaching Hospital /Medical City Center of both genders aged ≥ 60 years. Data collected by using a questionnaire consists of socio-demographic factors and chronic diseases, six items of the Katz index for basic activities of daily living (BADL), and eight items of the Lawton index for instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) for functional capacity assessment. The total prevalence of functional disability in the elderly sample for basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living was 4.5% and 10.8% respectively. Incontinence represents the highest percentage of dependency among basic activities of daily living followed by bathing, while food preparation, shopping, and responsibility for own medications are among instrumental activities of daily living in an elderly sample. There was a positive significant association between functional disability with age, gender, and marital status variables in association with basic activities of daily living performance, while a positive significant association was found between functional disability with age, gender, educational level, and occupation variables in association with instrumental activities of daily living performance. The level of independence for both basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living was relatively high. Dependency was significantly associated with advanced age, female gender, marital status, educational level, and occupation of the participants.

Keywords: Functional disability, Geriatric, Independency, Katz, Lawton scale

Referenecs

    1. Keenan A., Ramsey B.S., Carel G.M., Meskers M.D., Andrea B. and Maier M.D. Every step counts: Synthesizing Reviews Associating Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Clinical Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. The Lancet. 2021; 2(11): e764-e772.
    2. Loh K.Y., Khairani O. and Norlaili T. The Prevalence of Functional Impairment among Elderly aged 60 years and Above Attending Klinik Kkesihatan Batu 9 Langat, Selangor. Med J Malaysia. 2005; 60(2):188-193.
    3. Jerez-Roig J., Medeiros J.F., Nascimento M.F.K., Lima F.B.F., Oliveira N.P.D., Andrade F.L.J., Brito M.F., Leandro B.S.D. and Costa L.K. Activity Limitations in Brazilian Institutionalized Older Adults. J Geriatr, Physther. 2017; 40(4): 214-222.
    4. Dian C. Canadian Institute for Health Information, Ottawa, Canada. A Practical Manual for Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). 2013; Geneva: WHO.
    5. Nenad K. Classifications, Terminology and Standards, Geneva, Switzerland. Use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a conceptual Framework and Common Language for Disability Statistics and Health Information Systems. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11(3).
    6. Sadhna D, Megan RP, Howard MF, et al. Brocklehurst’s Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. Published by Elsevier. 2016; 36: 226.
    7. Susan E, Hardy MD, Louise C, Walter AC. Current diagnosis and treatment of geriatric. Published by Elsevier. 2020; 3.
    8. Laan W, Zuithoff NP, Drubbel L, et al. Validity and Reliability of the katz-15 scale to Measure Unfavorable Health Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014; 9: 48-54.
    9. Annual Statistical Report Republic of Iraq /Ministry of Health Environment. Chapter One Demographic and Social Indicators. Iraq National Library and Archives in Baghdad. 2021; 6(1543).
    10. Hom N.C. Aging: Basic Concept. American Journal of Biomedical Science and Research. 2019; 1(1): 2642-1747.
    11. Ibrahim N.K., Ghabrah T.M. and Quadi M. Morbidity Profile of Elderly Attended/Admitted in Jeddah Health Facilities, Saudi Arabia. Journal of High Institute of Public Health. 2005; 35(4): 903-918.
    12. Danielle S.T., Oliveira-Figueiredo M.S., Felisbino-Mendes D.C. and Malta G. Prevalence of Functional Disability in the Elderly. Analysis of the National Health Survey. 2017; 18(4): 468-475.
    13. The sample size was obtained by a sample size calculator. Math calculator. 2022.
    14. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) Toolkit for Primary Care Practitioners. Functional and Social Assessment. 2019.
    15. Age-friendly primary health care centers toolkit. The Iraqi ministry of health. 2021.
    16. Carla G.M.S. The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. ARPN Journal. 2008; 108(4): 52-62.
    17. Sideeq S.A., Jawdat M.A. and Nazar P.S. Daily Living Activities among Geriatric Residents at Geriatric Homes in Erbil and Sulaimaniyah Cities, Kurdistan Region. Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017; 21(1).
    18. Juliana D.N. Functional Disability Indicators and Associated Factors in the Elderly: A population-based Study in Bagel. Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil. Epidermal. Serv. Saude, Brazil. 2017; 26(2).
    19. Abdullah A. and Maysoon A. The Prevalence of Functional Disability and Associated Factors among Older People Attending Primary Health-Care Centers in Riyadh City. Geriatric Clinical Sciences. 2021; 3(9).
    20. Daigo Y., Toshiharu N. and Yutaka K. Prevalence and Causes of Functional Disability in an Elderly General Population of Japanese: the Hisayama Study. J Epidemiol. 2012; 22(3): 222-229.
    21. Kriti V., Somdatta P. and Pragti C. Functional Disability among Elderly: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Family Medicine Primary Care. 2020; 9(1): 253258.
    22. Ayfer S. Factors affecting daily instrumental activities of the elderly. Turk J Med Sci. 2015; 45(6): 1353-9.
    23. Min Z., Weizheng Z., Xinran H., Yuyang L., Qian S. and Hong D. Correlation between Functional Disability and Quality of Life among Rural Elderly in Anhui Province, China: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022; 22: 397.
    24. Eino H. What are the Main Risk Factors for Disability in Old Age and How Can Disability be prevented? WHO Regional Office for Europe,
    25. Ismail T., Andrew D.T. and Towfiqua M.I. Gender Difference in Functional Disability and Self-Care among Seniors in Bangladesh. BMC Geriatr. 2017; 17(1): 177.
    26. Jersey L., Joan M.B. and Benjamin A.S. Gender Difference in Functional Status in Middle and Older Age: Are there any Age Variations? J Gerontol B Psychology Sci. Soc. Sci. 2008; 63(5): s282-92.
    27. Darlene M.D., Santos T. and Paula B.P. Functional Disability and Associated Factors in Urban Elderly: A Population-Based Study. Bras. Cineantropom Desempenho hum journal. 2016; 18(5).
    28. Flavia C.D.A. and Pilar E.G. Gender Differences in Life Expectancy and Disability –Free Life Expectancy among Older Adults in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Published by Elsevier, Women’s Health Issues. 2010; 21(1): 64-70.
    29. Bruna MA, Patricia OS, Maria AV, et al. Evaluation of Functional Disability and Associated Factors in the Elderly. Bras. Geriatr. Gerontol Journal. 2019; 22(2): e180163.
    30. Barbara FA, Flavia AD. Functional Disability and Morbidities among the Elderly People, According to Socio-demographic Conditions and Indicative of Depression. Scielo Journal. 2017; 35(1).
    31. Sherina M.S. The Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence among the Elderly in a Rural Community in Selangor. Malays Journal Medical Sciences. 2010; 17(2): 18-23.
    32. Supa P. and Karl P. Prevalence and Correlates of Functional Disability among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in India: Results of a National Survey in 2017-2019. Elderly Health Journal. 2021; 7(1): 18-25.
    33. Priya K. and Hari S. Prevalence and Spectrum of Functional Disability of Urban Elderly Subjects: A Community-Based Study from Central India. Journal of Family and Community Medicine. 2017; 24(2): 86-90.
    34. Simone FA, Natalia PL. Disability Relating to Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: A- Zopulation-based Study with Elderly in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2014. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2018; 27(2): e2017290.
    35. Sawsan MM. Survey of the Health of the Elderly in Jordan. Medical Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences. 2000; 13(1): 39-48.
    36. Jose CMNA, Javier TA, Salvaddor PFB, et al. Prevalence of Functional Disability in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Associated Factors, as Predictors of Morbidity and Mortality. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2010; 50: 306-310.

Volume 10, Issue 2, 2023

 

 

 

 

Volume 11, Issue 1, 2024

File and statistics

Downloads: 805

How to cite this article

Ziena T. Al-Taay, Lamyaa A. Hasan, Hasan R. Khalaf. Prevalence and spectrum of functional disability among sample of outpatient attendants to geriatric clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Muthanna Medical Journal. 2024; 11(1):1-20.