The Prevalence and characteristic of latent TB in patients on immunosuppressant agents and biological treatment

Posted on by Muthanna Medical Journal

Research article

Volume 11, Issue 2,  2024.  Page 147-158 10.52113/1/1/2024-2-158

Authors
Tuqa Deia Khadhim*1, Basil Fawzi Jassar 2, Mohammed Waheeb Al-Obaidy 2    

*Correspondence author: tuqa.diaa2202d@comed.uobaghdad.edu.iq

*1 Baghdad teaching hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
2 College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
 Received 25 July 2024; revised 30 August 2024; accepted 28 September 2024, available online 19 October 2024.
Copyright © 2024 Khadhim, et al. This is article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Abstract

LTTB is a common condition occurring in one fourth of those who were exposed to mycobacterial bacilli with Medically induced immunosuppression stands as a significant risk factor for having LTTB. Aim of the study: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of LTTB in patients on immunosuppressive agents and biological treatment. A cross-sectional research of 150 patients on immunosuppressants and biological therapy for diverse diseases at Baghdad teaching hospital outpatient rheumatology, dermatology, and TB clinics between 2023 and 2024 was done. All patients were examined with a detailed clinical history, physical exam, and chest x-ray or CT scan. IGRA testing was done per manufacturer instructions and evaluated as positive, negative, or indeterminate. The study involved 149 patients with autoimmune diseases, using immunosuppressants like methotrexate and azathioprine. Significant differences in sex distribution, smoking status, infliximab usage, and disease duration were observed between IGRA-positive and IGRA-negative patients. While univariable analysis showed several factors influencing IGRA test positivity, only disease duration was significant in multivariable analysis. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis in the cohort was 34.9%. In conclusion, High prevalence of latent Tuberculosis (34.9%) was found in patients who were treated with immunosuppressive agents and biological therapies, of them Smoker, male, and infliximab-treated patients were significantly susceptible to LTTB.

Keywords: Latent tuberculosis, Biological therapy, Immunosuppression, Infliximab

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Volume 11, Issue 2, 2024

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Khadhim T, Jassar, B, Al-Obaidy M. The Prevalence and characteristic of latent TB in patients on immunosuppressant agents and biological treatment. Muthanna Medical Journal. 2024; 11(2):147-158.