Molecular genotyping of Echinococcus species and in-silico analysis on NAD and 12SrRNA genes isolated from camels and cattle raised in Sudan

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Muthanna Medical Journal

Volume 10, Issue 2,  2023 Page 189-211
http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/1/2/2023-189-211

ELHag A. M 1, Abakar A. D 2, Elmahdi I. E 1, Abd Almalaik A. A3, Altayb H. N4, Babikir A. M, Salih M. A5, Mohammed A. A3, Peter Kern6

Correspondence author: ahmedmadani4@gmail.com
1 University of Gezira, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Sudan.
2 University of Gezira, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences Department of Medical Parasitology, Wad Medani, Sudan.
3 Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Sudan.
4 University of Sudan, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences.
5 University of Gezira, National Cancer Institute (NCI).
6 Head department of biotechnology, Biotechnology Park, Africa city of technology, Sudan.
7 University Clinic of Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Received 12 July 2023; revised 30 October 2023; accepted 12 November 2023, available online 24 November 2023.
Copyright © 2023 ELHag A. M et al. This is article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is considered a re-emerging disease in various regions, like the Middle East, Central Asia, and northern and eastern Africa. In sub-Saharan Africa, CE is highly endemic. In Sudan, high prevalence estimates of CE in both livestock and definitive hosts were reported. Strain variation and genetic diversity still need to be elucidated in this area. The aim of this study is to genotype and to study the phylogenetic relations and taxonomic status of the Echinococcus species. A total of 418 hydatid cysts were collected from the abattoirs survey from camel and cattle isolates,12 isolates from camels in the Tamboul area, and 18 isolates from cattle collected from (10,6, and 2 from, Nyala, Addein, and Kass, respectively), isolates (of Echinococcus (Camelus dromedaries) were collected from (Tamboul, Nyala and Addein areas, Sudan. Molecular identification of Echinococcus species was determined by specific G5/6/7 genotype PCR and G6/7 genotype-specific PCR using 1073-1078 bp and 254 bp of mtDNA respectively. Nad1, 12srRNA gene 10 isolates (2,8 respectively) for DNA sequencing were conducted. Sequences alignments reported novel mutations of Nad1, cattle isolates of 12srRNA gene showed 98% Identity within database blasting between Gene bank E. ortleppi isolates, which have both and suggest that the Nad1 gene is continuing to evolve in the face of the current taxonomy profile. Very few bp exchanges differentiate G6 and G7, and ‘intermediate’ haplotypes have been observed, which merge them into a single genotype G6/7. A further molecular survey is needed to explore the situation of Echinococcus genotypes from human patients in Sudan.

Keywords: Cystic echinococcosis, E. ortleppi, Addein areas

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