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Article Type

Article

Abstract

Adult pulmonary function impairment is associated with both smoking and obesity, albeit the consequences vary from person to person. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between smoking and obesity and their relationship to specific pulmonary functions in a selected group of the population (University of Babylon College of Pharmacy students, Iraq). Materials and Methods: The observational study was carried out on 90 male students at the college pharmacy in the University of Babylon, Iraq. Students enrolled in this study were aged between 19-23 years. The control group (30 males) from general students in the college pharmacy without smoking, obesity, and other complications. This study started from October 2024 to April 2025 and was approved by the College of Pharmacy at the University of Babylon. The data was collected from the students based on a specific questionnaire, after being informed of consent from each participant. Body mass index (BMI), age, weight, height, and lipid profile. number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of smoking, complications that occur due to smoking, and obesity. The participants were classified into four groups based on BMI and smoking status: (1) control group, (2) obesity group, (3) smoking group, and (4) obesity plus smoking group. Blood samples were collected for lipid profile by the automated clinical chemistry analyzer LISA. Results: Weight, BMI, and lipid profile in the three groups were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05). The mean daily consumption of cigarettes by smoking and smoking+obesity groups was 7.0±3.0 and 6.5±3.3 sticks. There is no significant difference in the history of smoking (years) and cigarettes per day among the smoking and the smoking+obesity groups. There was a statistically significant difference (P< 0.05) in the lipid profile levels between all groups of patients compared with control groups, but no significant difference in lipid profile between the obesity and smoking+obesity groups, P> 0.05. The data on the number (n) and percentage (%) of people in each group who were positive for the examples specified. For Asthma, Acute bronchitis, Chronic bronchitis, and heart disease cases, the p-value is>0.05, specifying the absence of differences between the three groups of people. Also, the results in this study showed a significant difference in COPD, Allergic bronchitis, Breathing difficulty, COVID-19, Hypertension, and DM among the three groups. Conclusion: Smoking and obesity have a negative combined effect on lung and respiratory health. According to the findings, smoking and a higher BMI were associated with a tendency to impair lung function. We hypothesized that smoking and obesity would have detrimental additive effects, meaning that the presence of one would amplify the effects of the other and worsen health outcomes.

Keywords

Lipid profile, Obesity, Smoking, BMI

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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