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Article Type

Article

Abstract

Introduction: The sociodemographic and clinical factors play a role in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) glycemic control.
Objectives: To assess glycemic control among T2DM patients and its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors.
Materials and methods: A prospective observational study of 210 patients with T2DM at a tertiary diabetes and endocrinology center in Sulaymania city/ Iraq, from April to November 2024. The study involved sociodemographic data, body mass index, blood pressure, and blood tests for HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, blood urea and creatinine. The performed HbA1c tests were compared with baseline results to identify differences, with poor glycemic control defined as HbA1c ≥ 7% or fasting blood sugar ≥ 130 mg/dL.
Results: The proportion of patients' HbA1c <7.0% significantly increased in follow-up (18.6%) compared to baseline (5.7%), (p < 0.0001). HbA1c/ FBS strongly correlated (r = 0.708, p <0.001). About 91.2% patients with HbA1c ≥ 7.0% had elevated FBS (≥ 130 mg/dL). Most participants were middle-aged (56-70 years), urban residents (84.8%), females (68.6%), with 67.6% unemployed. Elevated FBS (p<0.001), and blood pressure (p<0.002) significantly differed related to glycemic control. Notable differences in drug regimen (P = 0.001) and DM duration (P = 0.002). Triglycerides were significant (P = 0.041). Marital status, education, smoking, and alcohol use showed non-significant differences.
Conclusions: Baseline and follow-up tests showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels. HbA1c and FBS demonstrated a strong positive relationship, which reflects their complementary roles in glycemic control. Poor glycemic control was significantly associated with elevated triglyceride levels, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Keywords

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Glycemic control, HbA1c levels, Fasting blood sugar

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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